目的 分析并改进新冠疫情期间方舱患者出舱流程，保证患者顺利出舱。 方法 便利抽样选取2022年4月上海某方舱医院某区域178例患者为对照组、2022年5月同区域收治的134名患者为干预组，对出舱情况进行调查。采用失效模式与效应分析（failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA）方法梳理现有的患者出舱流程，分析失效模式及其潜在影响，找出主要的失效模式，进行原因分析，并从沟通环节、岗位设置等方面进行改进和优化，比较活动实施前后的干预效果。 结果 通过FMEA活动共确定8项主要失效模式，活动后各项主要失效模式的优先风险数值 （risk priority number,RPN）下降辐度达70.93%~96.60%，避免了出舱患者滞留的情况。 结论 FMEA活动有效降低了方舱患者出舱的潜在风险，保障了患者的顺利出舱。

Objective To analyze and improve the patients’ discharge process in the medical shelter to ensure the successful discharge of patients. Methods By convenience sampling method,178 patients in a specific sector in a medical shelter in Shanghai in April 2022 were selected as the control group,134 patients in the same area in May 2022 were selected as the intervention group.The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method were used to sort out the existing patients’ discharge process,analyze the failure mode and its potential impact,find out the main failure mode,conduct cause analysis,and optimize the communication link and position setting,and to compare the intervention effect before and after the implementation of the activity. Results Eight main failure modes were identified through FMEA activities,the risk priority number (RPN) of each main failure mode decreased by 70.93% to 96.60% after FMEA,and the retention of patients was avoided. Conclusions FMEA could effectively reduce the potential risk and ensure the smooth exit of patients in medical shelter.

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