目的 总结维持性血液透析患者疼痛评估与管理最佳证据，为其提供实践依据。 方法 系统检索国内外数据库、指南网及专业协会网站等关于维持性血液透析患者疼痛评估与管理的相关证据。 结果 纳入13篇文献，包含临床决策4篇、证据总结1篇、指南2篇、系统评价6篇,从6个方面汇总了21条证据。 结论 证据应用人员可根据临床实际组建多学科团队，结合患者意愿提供适宜疼痛评估及鉴别、镇痛原则、动静脉内瘘穿刺痛、透析间期相关疼痛、药物护理等可行的疼痛管理措施，减轻维持性血液透析患者疼痛水平。

Objective To summarize the best evidence of pain assessment and management for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients，so as to provide references for practice. Methods The domestic and foreign databases，guideline networks and professional association websites were systematically searched for evidence relevant to pain assessment and management for MHD patients. Results A total of 13 articles were involved，including 4 clinical decisions，1 evidence summary，2 guidelines and 6 systematic reviews.Twenty-one pieces of evidence were summarized，covering 6 aspects. Conclusions The multidisciplinary team of evidence applicators should be established based on clinical practice.Pain management measures compatible with pain assessment and identification，analgesia principles，arteriovenous fistula puncture pain，dialysis-related pain，and drug nursing should be provided in conjunction with patients wishes，so as to relieve the pain of MHD patients.

R473.58