目的 旨在从群体和个体视角分别探索母亲产后抑郁症状及其不同潜在类型与婴儿忽视的关系。 方法 采用方便抽样法选取934名产后1年内的母亲为研究对象，使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和婴儿忽视迹象量表分别评估母亲产后抑郁症状和婴儿忽视情况。 结果 母亲产后抑郁症状与婴儿忽视存在正相关(B=0.27，P＜0.001)。产后母亲群体中存在4个类别的抑郁情绪，即轻度型(23.02%)、中度-焦虑型(26.23%)、中度-抑郁型(15.85%)和重度型(34.90%)，且这4种类别在婴儿月龄(F=22.68，P＜0.001)、母亲工作情况(χ²=35.22，P＜0.001)、母乳喂养难度(χ²=9.03，P=0.029)和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表得分(χ²=745.22，P＜0.001)上的差异均有统计学意义。与轻度型相比，中度-焦虑型(B=1.48，P＜0.001)、中度-抑郁型(B=1.67，P＜0.001)及重度型(B=3.73，P＜0.001)的母亲婴儿忽视情况更严重，且重度型较中度-焦虑型和中度-抑郁型更为严重。 结论 护理人员应该及时识别母亲产后抑郁症状的不同亚型，提供相应干预措施，以期减少婴儿忽视的发生。

Objective To explore the relationships between maternal postnatal depression symptoms,as well as relevant latent classifications,and infant neglect from the perspectives of group and individual. Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 934 mothers within one year after delivery.The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Signs of Neglect in Infants Assessment Scale were adopted to assess maternal postnatal depression symptoms and infant neglect,respectively. Results Maternal postnatal depression symptoms were positively related with infant neglect（B=0.27,P＜0.001).Four classifications of depression symptoms among postnatal mothers were identified,including mild group（23.02%),moderate-anxiety group（26.23%),moderate-depression group（15.85%) and severe group（34.90%).Differences in the infant’s months of age（F=22.68,P＜0.001),mother’s occupation（χ²=35.22,P＜0.001),difficulty in breastfeeding（χ²=9.03,P=0.029),and the score of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale（χ²=745.22,P＜0.001) among the four classifications were statistically significant. Compared with that in the mild group,the levels of infant neglect among the mothers in the moderate-anxiety group（B=1.48,P＜0.001),moderate-depression group（B=1.67,P＜0.001),and severe group（B=3.73,P＜0.001) were higher.Mothers in the severe group reported higher levels of infant neglect than mothers in the moderate-anxiety and moderate-depression groups. Conclusions Nursing staff should timely identify different classifications of maternal postnatal depression symptoms.Appropriate interventions should be provided to reduce the incidence of infant neglect.

R473.71

国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071084)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2022JC016)