目的 了解失能老人家庭照护者照护技能缺陷状况，分析其影响因素及作用路径，为制订针对性的干预策略提供科学依据。方法 2022年9-12月，采用便利抽样法选取唐山市5所三级综合医院住院治疗的失能老人及其主要家庭照护者共计370对为研究对象，采用失能老人家庭照护者照护技能缺陷评测量表对照顾者进行调查。结果 家庭照护者的照护技能得分为（50.55±17.15）分。照护者性别、文化程度、照护总时长、有无社会协助、对照护责任的看法、接受照护技能培训次数以及失能老人有无长护险是照护技能缺陷的主要影响因素(均P＜0.05)。路径分析显示，接受照护技能培训次数、对照护责任的看法、失能老人有无长护险对照护技能有直接效应，照护者性别、文化程度、照护总时长、有无社会协助对照护技能既有直接效应又有间接效应。结论 失能老人照护者的照护技能存在中等程度的缺陷，应建立常态化的照护者技能培训计划，提升其照护技能水平。

Objective To understand the status of skill deficiency in family caregivers of the elderly with disabilities,and analyze its influencing factors and action paths,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies.Methods From September to December 2022,a total of 370 pairs of disabled elderly hospitalized in 5 tertiary general hospitals in Tangshan and their main family caregivers were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method.The survey was conducted using the Disabled Elderly Family Caregivers Caregiving Skill Deficiencies Assessment Scale.Results The caregiving skill score of the caregivers was (50.55±17.15).Caregivers’ gender,education level,total length of care,social assistance,views on caregiving responsibility,frequency of receiving caregiving skills training and whether disabled elderly people have long-term care insurance were the main influencing factors of caregiving skill deficiencies (all P＜0.05).Pathway analysis showed that frequency of receiving caregiving skills training,views on caregiving responsibilities,and whether disabled elderly people had long-term care insurance had direct effects on caregiving skills,while caregivers’ gender,education level,total length of care,and social assistance had both direct and indirect effects on caregiving skills.Conclusions The nursing skills of the disabled elderly’s caregivers are moderately deficient.A regular training program should be established to improve their nursing skills.

R473.2

河北省卫健委基金项目（20231581）