目的 深入了解初次确诊精神分裂症患者就医经历及体验，为推动患者早期有效治疗提供依据。方法 采取描述性现象学方法，以目的抽样选取黑龙江省某三级甲等精神专科医院15名缓解期住院精神分裂症患者进行半结构式访谈，使用Colaizzi现象学分析法进行分析和提炼。结果 初次确诊精神分裂症患者就医体验共提炼出3个主题：面对诊断结果的心理反应、就医环境的挑战、初次确诊后的需求。结论 初次确诊精神分裂症患者经历否认、痛苦及自卑等负性体验及面临陌生环境等挑战，精神科医疗保健提供者应重视初次确诊患者就医问题并开展针对性干预，以改善患者就医体验，促进早期有效治疗。

Objective To delve into the medical experiences and feelings of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for the first time,and to improve effective treatment in the early stage for these patients.Methods The descriptive phenomenological method was adopted,and purposive sampling was used to select 15 patients in remission from schizophrenia for semi-structured interviews in a tertiary A psychiatric hospital in Heilongjiang Province.The Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method was used for data analysis and extraction.Results The medical experiences of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for the first time could be categorized into 3 themes:psychological reactions to the diagnosis,challenges of the medical environment,and needs after the initial diagnosis.Conclusions Patients initially diagnosed with schizophrenia often experience negative feelings such as denial,pain,and inferiority,and face challenges such as unfamiliar environments.Mental health care providers should pay attention to them and carry out targeted intervention to improve their medical experiences and promote early treatment.

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国家自然科学基金项目（72074063）；哈尔滨医科大学研究生科研和实践创新项目（YJSCX2023-300HYD）