目的 识别农村空巢老年人心理健康潜在类别，探讨不同类别的影响因素。 方法 2022年3月至2023年3月，用多阶段分层抽样方法选取黑龙江省350例农村空巢老年人为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、老年心理健康问卷、Lubben社会网络量表对其进行调查。以老年人心理健康问卷5个外显指标进行潜在剖面分析。通过单因素分析、多元Logistic回归分析探讨潜在类别的影响因素。 结果 农村空巢老人心理健康分为3个潜在类别，即低自我认识-低人际交往组、低情绪体验-低认知功能组、高适应能力-高心理健康组，其影响因素包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭网络及朋友网络（均P＜0.05）。 结论 农村空巢老年人心理健康可分为3个潜在类别，应根据不同潜在类别影响因素进行个体化干预，以提高农村空巢老年人的心理健康。

Objective To identify latent categories of mental health among rural empty-nest elderly and explore the influencing factors.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select 350 rural empty-nest elderly from Heilongjiang province between March 2022 and March 2023.Data collection involved the general information survey,the elderly mental health questionnaire,and the Lubben Social Network Scale,among which latent profile analysis was conducted using 5 explicit indicators from the second questionnaire.Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors influencing latent categories of mental health among these people. Results The mental health of the group was classified into 3 distinct latent groups:the “low self awareness-low interpersonal interaction group” ,the “low emotional experience-low cognitive function group”, and the “high adaptive ability-high mental health group.” Influencing factors included gender,age,marital status,family network and friend network(all P＜0.05).Conclusions Mental health of rural empty-nest elderly can be categorized into 3 latent groups.Tailored intervention should be carried out based on the specific influencing factors of each group to improve the mental health of the population.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（72304078）；黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LH2022G015）