目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者对心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)风险认知并对其采取行动的过程,为下一步制订针对性的健康宣教提供依据。方法 2024年1-5月，采用目的抽样法选取在湖北省某三级甲等综合医院内分泌内科住院的16例T2DM患者为研究对象，采用描述性质性研究方法对其进行访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果 T2DM患者对CVD的风险认知可归纳为3个主题：风险知识来源及感知不全(知识来源单一 、信息甄别困难、风险感知薄弱)；认知偏差(乐观偏差认知、悲观偏差认知)；风险控制(行为自律、执行情绪化、动机缺乏)。结论 T2DM患者对CVD风险认知不足与偏差并存，护士在临床护理工作中可通过系统性宣教、心理支持及社会联动，改善患者的CVD风险认知，提高其自我管理效能。

Objective To explore the cognitive process by which patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus comprehend the risk associated with cardiovascular disease and initiate corresponding preventative measures,and to provide a basis for developing targeted health education.Methods The purposive sampling method was used to select 16 hospitalized T2DM patients from the department of endocrinology in a tertiary A general hospital in Hubei Province from January to May 2024.Descriptive qualitative research methods were employed for interviews,and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis approach.Results The disease perception among T2DM patients could be summarized into three themes:incomplete sources and perception of risk（limited source of knowledge,difficulty in information screening, weak risk perception);cognitive biases(optimistic bias,pessimistic bias);risk control(behavioral self-discipline,emotional execution,lack of motivation).Conclusions Patients with T2DM exhibit both insufficient and biased perception of CVD risks.In clinical nursing practice,nurses can help patients improve their risk perception and enhance self-management efficacy through systematic education,psychological support,and social collaboration.

R473.58

国家自然科学基金地区资助项目(82060832)