目的 探索护理研究者开展以肿瘤患者为研究对象的护理科研工作时遇到的伦理挑战和应对体验。方法 目的抽样法选取22名肿瘤护理方向的护理研究者为研究对象，进行半结构式深度访谈，采用主题分析法分析资料。结果 提取3个主题：伦理挑战（家属“守门”与自主及知情同意冲突、敏感信息隐藏与知情告知矛盾、隐私顾虑与伦理规范相悖、招募依赖与公平性受损），应对体验（前置沟通以获取家属支持、优化措辞以规避敏感话题、全程规划以完善伦理预案、灵活施策以满足个体需求），应对技巧（强化肿瘤护理伦理知识、提升敏感话题沟通技巧、健全本土伦理指导准则）。结论 护理研究者在以肿瘤患者为研究对象的科研工作中遇到了多重伦理挑战，亟须提升其应对技巧；健全我国伦理相关标准与规范，提升其在肿瘤护理科研实践中的适用性与操作性。

Objective To explore the ethical challenges and coping experience encountered by nursing researchers when conducting nursing research involving cancer patients.Methods 22 researchers specializing in oncology nursing were selected by purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews.Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.Results 3 themes were extracted: ethical challenges (conflict between family members acting as “gatekeepers” and patient autonomy/informed consent;contradiction between hiding sensitive information and the obligation to inform;conflict between privacy concerns and ethical norms;impaired fairness due to recruitment dependency);coping experience (pre-communication to gain family support;optimizing wording to avoid sensitive topics;comprehensive planning to improve ethical protocols;flexible implementation to meet individual needs);coping strategies (strengthening knowledge of oncology nursing ethics;enhancing communication skills on sensitive topics;improving localized ethical guidelines).Conclusions Nursing researchers face multiple ethical challenges when conducting research involving cancer patients.There is an urgent need to enhance their coping strategies and improve China’s ethical standards and norms to increase their applicability and operability of research practice in oncology nursing.

R473.73

天津市医学重点学科建设资助（TJYXZDXK-3-003A）