目的 探讨老年肿瘤患者免疫检查点抑制剂治疗期间症状感知及应对体验,为免疫治疗期间症状管理提供依据。方法 采用现象学研究方法,通过目的抽样法选取15例接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗老年肿瘤患者进行半结构化访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料整理分析。结果 归纳出4个主题:症状体验呈多样性且动态演变;情绪反应具有双面性和复杂性;应对能力有限,期望寻求社会支持;症状归因偏差,早期就医延迟。结论 老年肿瘤患者免疫治疗期间存在多维度的问题和需求,医护人员应重视患者症状的动态评估,鼓励其参与治疗决策,并提供多元化支持和全程管理,以改善患者症状体验。

Objective To explore symptom perception and coping experiences in older cancer patients during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and to provide a basis for symptom management during immunotherapy. Methods A phenomenological research method was adopted. 15 older cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy were selected by purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews. The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method. Results 4 themes were identified: symptom experiences were diverse and dynamically evolving; emotional responses were dual-sided and complex; coping ability was limited, with patient expectation for social support; symptom attribution bias led to delayed early medical consultation. Conclusions Older cancer patients experience multidimensional problems and needs during immunotherapy. Healthcare providers should pay attention to dynamic symptom assessment, encourage patients' participation in treatment decision-making, and provide diversified support and comprehensive management to improve patients' symptom experiences.

R473.73

"新疆地区高发疾病研究"教育部重点实验室开放课题青年项目(2023C03)