目的 识别老年人身体活动片段的时序分布模式并分析其影响因素,为开展精准化干预提供依据。方法 2025年1-12月,采用方便抽样选取上海市某社区的235名老年人为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表和简易身体功能量表和体动记录仪,收集一般资料、身体功能指标及身体活动片段时长。基于有限混合模型进行时序分布轨迹聚类;采用单因素及无序多分类Logistic回归模型探讨影响因素。结果 235名老年人共识别出极低活动组(24.7%)、晨峰低活动组(31.1%)、晨峰中等活动组(30.6%)、双峰高活动组(13.6%)4类。相较于极低活动组,身体功能较好者进入活跃组别的概率更高(OR=1.26~1.52,P<0.05);女性进入双峰高活动组的概率高于男性(OR=18.64,P<0.01);中高收入水平与不活跃模式相关,其归属于高活动组别的概率更低(P<0.01)。结论 社区老年人身体活动时序分布存在异质性,女性、低收入及身体功能较好者活动更活跃,应针对男性、中高收入及身体功能受限者加强精准化干预。

Objective To identify the temporal distribution patterns of physical activity(PA) bouts among older adults and analyze their influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for developing precision interventions.Methods From January to December 2025,235 community-dwelling older adults in a community in Shanghai were selected by convenience sampling.The General Information Questionnaire and the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB) were used,and PA was objectively measured by accelerometry to collect general data,physical function indicators,and the duration of PA bouts.Finite mixture models were used for clustering temporal distribution trajectories.Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors.Results Four latent classes were identified among the 235 older adults:the extremely-low-activity group(24.7%),the morning-peak low-activity group (31.1%),the morning-peak moderate-activity group (30.6%),and the bimodal high-activity group (13.6%).Compared with the extremely-low-activity group,older adults with better physical function had a higher probability of belonging to the active groups(OR=1.26-1.52,P<0.05).Women were significantly more likely than men to belong to the bi-modal high-activity group(OR=18.64,P<0.01).Middle-to-high income levels were associated with inactive patterns,with a lower probability of belonging to the high-activity groups(P<0.01).Conclusions The temporal distribution of PA among community-dwelling older adults shows heterogeneity.Women,those with low income,and those with better physical function are more active.Precision interventions should be strengthened for men,those with middle-to-high income, and those with limited physical function.

R473.59

教育部人文社会科学研究项目(24YJC890024)；国家社会科学基金(25CTY035)