目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童祖辈照护者照顾负担与成功老龄化的相关性,为促进成功老龄化提供科学依据。方法 2023年7月至2024年7月,以便利抽样法选取湖南省320名ASD儿童的祖辈照护者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、Zarit照顾负担量表及成功老龄化量表进行调查。以多元线性回归分析照顾负担与成功老龄化的影响因素。结果 ASD儿童祖辈照护者照顾负担总分为42(26,58)分,成功老龄化总分为(47.33±12.92)分。照顾负担总分与成功老龄化总分相关性分析无统计学意义(rs=－0.108,P=0.054),但与“内心生存”维度呈负相关(rs=－0.293,P<0.001),与“超越老化”(rs=0.216)“精神性”(rs=0.177)呈正相关(均P<0.001)。受教育程度、抚养方式、抚养意愿及与子女关系满意度是照顾负担独立影响因素(均P<0.05);居住地和抚养意愿是成功老龄化独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童祖辈照护者照顾负担较重,成功老龄化水平偏低;强化社会支持与家庭协同干预,有助于缓解祖辈的照护压力,促进其成功老龄化。

Objective To explore the correlation between caregiving burden and successful aging among grandparent caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting successful aging.Methods From July 2023 to July 2024,320 grandparent caregivers of children with ASD in Hunan Province were selected by convenience sampling.They were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire,the Zarit Burden Interview,and the Successful Aging Scale.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caregiving burden and successful aging.Results The total caregiving burden score of the grandparent caregivers was 42(26,58),and the total successful aging score was(47.33±12.92).The correlation between the total caregiving burden score and the total successful aging score was not statistically significant(rs=－0.108,P=0.054),but caregiving burden was negatively correlated with the “inner survival” dimension (rs=－0.293,P<0.001) and positively correlated with the “gerotranscendence”(rs=0.216) and “spirituality”(rs=0.177) dimensions(all P<0.001).Educational level,child-rearing pattern,willingness to raise the child,and satisfaction with the relationship with their own children were independent influencing factors of caregiving burden(all P<0.05).Place of residence and willingness to raise the child were independent influencing factors of successful aging(all P<0.05).Conclusions Grandparent caregivers of children with ASD bear a heavy caregiving burden and have a relatively low level of successful aging.Strengthening social support and family-collaborative interventions may help alleviate the caregiving pressure of grandparents in this high-risk caregiving group and promote their successful aging.

R473.59;R473.2

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72304096)；湖南中医药大学2025年校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(251)；湖南省自然科学基金项目(2026JJ81064)