目的 探讨儿科护士共情疲劳的潜在异质性特征,构建症状网络,比较不同群体的核心症状,为分型干预提供理论依据。方法 2025年6-8月采用方便抽样法抽取安徽省4个城市6所不同等级医院的414例儿科护士为研究对象,采用职业生活质量量表等进行调查,采用Mplus 8.0软件确定儿科护士共情疲劳的潜在剖面,应用R 4.4.2软件构建症状网络,识别不同亚组的核心症状及网络结构特征。结果 414例儿科护士分为高满足-低倦怠继发伤组(48.0%)、低满足-高倦怠继发伤组(52.0%)2个潜在剖面。症状网络分析结果显示,整体样本的核心症状是A2(助人使我快乐)(rs=2.168),与A3(喜欢护理工作)成最强连接,边权重为0.38。高满足-低倦怠继发伤组核心症状是A9(工作成功)(rs=1.961),与A3(喜欢护理工作)呈最强正相关,边权重为0.41;低满足-高倦怠继发伤组核心症状是A5(职业满意)(rs=1.502),与A2(助人使我快乐)成最强正相关,边权重为0.25。结论 儿科护士共情疲劳有群体异质性,护理管理者应比较不同亚组人群的网络特点采取有针对性的干预策略,从而实现精准化干预。

Objective To explore the potential heterogeneous characteristics of compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses,construct symptom networks,and compare the central symptoms across different subgroups,so as to provide a theoretical basis for classified interventions.Methods From June to August 2025,414 pediatric nurses from six hospitals of different levels in four cities of Anhui Province were selected by convenience sampling.General information was collected,and the Professional Quality of Life Scale(ProQOL) was used for the survey.Mplus 8.0 was used to identify the latent profiles of compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses,and R 4.4.2 was used to construct symptom networks and identify the central symptoms and network structural characteristics of different subgroups.Results The 414 pediatric nurses were divided into two latent profiles:the high-satisfaction-low-burnout-secondary-trauma group(48.0%) and the low-satisfaction-high-burnout-secondary-trauma group(52.0%).Symptom network analysis showed that the central symptom of the overall sample was A2 (helping others makes me happy)(rs=2.168),which had the strongest connection with A3(I like my nursing work),with an edge weight of 0.38.The central symptom of the high-satisfaction-low-burnout-secondary-trauma group was A9 (work success) (rs=1.961),which showed the strongest positive correlation with A3 (I like my nursing work),with an edge weight of 0.41.The central symptom of the low-satisfaction-high-burnout-secondary-trauma group was A5(job satisfaction)(rs=1.502),which showed the strongest positive correlation with A2(helping others makes me happy),with an edge weight of 0.25.Conclusions Compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses is characterized by group heterogeneity. Nursing managers should adopt targeted intervention strategies by comparing the network characteristics of different subgroups,so as to achieve precise intervention.

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安徽医科大学省级质量工程项目(2024jyxm0732)；安徽医科大学省级质量工程项目(2024jyxm0745)；中国社会福利基金会护爱基金(HLCXKT-202301107)