目的 调查结核病患者感知社会约束水平的现状并探究其影响因素,为探索个性化干预提供依据。方法 2024年2-7月,采用便利抽样法选取四川某三级甲等医院住院的305例结核病患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、感知社会约束量表、一般疏离感量表和结核病相关病耻感量表进行调查,并分析社会约束水平的的现状及影响因素。结果 305例结核病患者感知社会约束量表总分平均为(31.02±7.41)分,处于中等水平。其中,表露回避、感受隐藏维度评分分别为(16.67±4.63)分和(14.35±3.74)分,TB患者一般疏离感得分为(36.24±5.761)分,结核病相关病耻感总分为3.00 (1.00,10.00)分。感知社会约束与一般疏离感、结核病相关病耻感均呈正相关(均P<0.001)。一般疏离感得分(β=0.336)、结核病相关病耻感得分(β=0.344)、年龄(β=-0.081)和独居(β=-0.177)是感知社会约束水平的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释35.0%的变异。结论 结核病患者社会约束感知处于中等水平,受多维度因素影响,护理人员应实施个体化干预,以降低患者社会约束感知水平。

Objective To investigate the current status of perceived social constraints (PSCs) among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and explore its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for exploring personalized interventions.Methods From February to July 2024,305 TB patients hospitalized in a Grade A tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province were selected by convenience sampling.They were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire,the Social Constraints Scale,the General Alienation Scale,and the Tuberculosis-related Stigma Scale.The status quo and influencing factors of PSCs were analyzed.Results The mean total score of the Social Constraints Scale among the 305 TB patients was (31.02±7.41),indicating a moderate level of PSCs.The scores of the two dimensions,emotional avoidance and feeling hidden,were (16.67±4.63) and (14.35±3.74),respectively.The scores of general alienation and TB-related stigma were (36.24±5.761) and 3.00 (1.00,10.00),respectively.PSCs were positively correlated with both general alienation and TB-related stigma(all P<0.001).The main influencing factors of PSCs were general alienation (β=0.336),TB-related stigma (β=0.344),age (β=-0.081),and living alone (β=-0.177)(all P<0.05),which explained 35.0% of the variance.Conclusions The PSCs of TB patients are at a moderate level and are influenced by multidimensional factors.Nursing staff should implement personalized interventions to reduce patients' PSCs.

R473.52

四川省卫生健康委员会科技项目(24QNMP049)